Publiseret: 2026
Patienten med lænderygsmerter
Litteraturliste
Sundhedsstyrelsen. Lænderygsmerter. Analyse vedr. indsatser og forløb for mennesker med lænderygsmerter [Internet]. København, 2025, s. 21 [henvist 19. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sst.dk/udgivelser/2025/Indsatser-og-forloeb-for-mennesker-med-laenderygsmerter.
Mairey I, Rosenkilde S. Sygdomsbyrden i Danmark - sygdomme [Internet]. København; 2022 [henvist 19. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sst.dk/udgivelser/2023/sygdomsbyrden-i-danmark.
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Sundhedsstyrelsen. Brug af paracetamol, NSAID og opioider til behandling af akutte lænderygsmerter hos voksne [Nationale kliniske anbefalinger] [Internet]. København, 2025 [henvist 20. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sst.dk/media/qhyegdzp/nka-laenderygsmerter.pdf.
Sundhedsstyrelsen. Smerteguide. Indsatser for Rationel Farmakoterapi [Internet]. København, 2019 [henvist 20. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sst.dk/da/Udgivelser/2019/Smerteguide.
Sundhedsstyrelsen. National klinisk retningslinje for behandling af nyopståede lænderygsmerter [Internet]. København, 2016 [henvist 19. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sst.dk/media/arhlabjk/national-klinisk-retningslinje-laenderygsmerter.pdf.
Stochkendahl MJ, Kjaer P, Hartvigsen J, Kongsted A, Aaboe J, Andersen M, m.fl. National Clinical Guidelines for non-surgical treatment of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy. Eur Spine J. januar 2018;27(1):60–75. doi:10.1007/s00586-017-5099-2.
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World Health Organization. WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2025 [henvist 19. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/29f3a0de-6c68-49b5-b8ed-e04f53022edd/content.
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Region Sjælland, Sundhedsråd Midt- og Vestsjælland, Sundhedsråd Østsjælland og Øerne. Tværsektorielt Forløbsprogram for borgere med lænderygbesvær [Internet]. Region Sjælland, 2026 [henvist 20. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://app-rsjdxp-cms-prod-001.azurewebsites.net/media/eshpjomt/03095-forloebsprogram-laenderygbesvaer_2026.pdf.
Region Syddanmark. Tværsektorielt forløbsprogram for borgere med lænderygbesvær [Internet]. Vejle, 2023 [henvist 20. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://regionsyddan-mark.dk/fagfolk/det-naere-sundhedsvaesen/samarbejdsaftaler-og-forlobsprogrammer/forlobsprogrammer/forlobsprogram-for-borgere-med-laenderygbesvaer.
Sundhedsstyrelsen. Generisk model for pakkeforløb for mennesker med kronisk sygdom. [Internet]. København, 2025 [henvist 20. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sst.dk/udgivelser/2026/generisk-model-for-pakkeforloeb-for-mennesker-med-kronisk-sygdom.
Wallwork SB, Braithwaite FA, O’Keeffe M, Travers MJ, Summers SJ, Lange B, m.fl. The clini-cal course of acute, subacute and persistent low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Med Assoc J. 22. januar 2024;196(2):E29-46. doi:10.1503/cmaj.230542.
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Bardin LD, King P, Maher CG. Diagnostic triage for low back pain: a practical approach for pri-mary care. Med J Aust. april 2017;206(6):268-73. doi:10.5694/mja16.00828.
Koes BW, Van Tulder M, Lin CWC, Macedo LG, McAuley J, Maher C. An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J. december 2010;19(12):2075-94. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y.
World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [Internet]. 2001 [henvist 19. februar 2026]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health.
Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, m.fl. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain. juni 2015;156(6):1003-7. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160.
Nicholas M, Vlaeyen JWS, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Benoliel R, m.fl. The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic primary pain. Pain. januar 2019;160(1):28-37. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001390.
Henschke N, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. A systematic review identifies five “red flags” to screen for vertebral fracture in patients with low back pain. J Clin Epidemiol. februar 2008;61(2):110-118.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.04.013.
Koes BW, Van Tulder MW, Thomas S. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. BMJ. 17. juni 2006;332(7555):1430-4. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7555.1430.
Premkumar A, Godfrey W, Gottschalk MB, Boden SD. Red Flags for Low Back Pain Are Not Always Really Red: A Prospective Evaluation of the Clinical Utility of Commonly Used Screening Questions for Low Back Pain. J Bone Jt Surg. 7. marts 2018;100(5):368-74. doi:10.2106/JBJS.17.00134.
Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet og Danske Regioner. Retningslinjer for visitation og henvisning af degenerative lidelser i columna - udsendes til relevante parter, 17. december 2010 [Internet]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.sundhed.dk/content/cms/45/95145_kliniske_retningslinjer_columna.pdf.
Vardeh D, Mannion RJ, Woolf CJ. Toward a Mechanism-Based Approach to Pain Diagnosis. J Pain. september 2016;17(9):T50-69. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.03.001.
Baron R, Binder A, Wasner G. Neuropathic pain: diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. august 2010;9(8):807-19. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70143-5.
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Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain. The Lancet. februar 2017;389(10070):736-47. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30970-9.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management (NG59) [Internet]. London, 30. november 2016 [henvist 3. november 2025]. Tilgængelig hos: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59.
Hartvigsen L, Kongsted A, Hestbaek L. Clinical examination findings as prognostic fac-tors in low back pain: a systematic review of the literature. Chiropr Man Ther. december 2015;23(1):13. doi:10.1186/s12998-015-0054-y.
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Rajasekaran S, Dilip Chand Raja S, Pushpa BT, Ananda KB, Ajoy Prasad S, Rishi MK. The catastrophization effects of an MRI report on the patient and surgeon and the benefits of ‘clinical reporting’: results from an RCT and blinded trials. Eur Spine J. juli 2021;30(7):2069-81. doi:10.1007/s00586-021-06809-0.
Dragsbæk L, Secher Jensen T, Arnbak B, Laust Thomsen J, Axelsen S, Isaksen C, m.fl. Den kliniske relevans af MR-skanning af lænden. Ugeskr Læg. 2023(185):V03220158.
Kjaer P, Leboeuf-Yde C, Korsholm L, Sorensen JS, Bendix T. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Low Back Pain in Adults: A Diagnostic Imaging Study of 40-Year-Old Men and Women: Spine. maj 2005;30(10):1173-80. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76.
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Pengel LHM. Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis. BMJ. 9. august 2003;327(7410):323-0. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7410.323.
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Vibe Fersum K, O’Sullivan P, Skouen JS, Smith A, Kvåle A. Efficacy of classification-based cognitive functional therapy in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain. juli 2013;17(6):916–28. doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00252.x.
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